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La degradación de los humedales en el Sahel destruye vidas, provocando la migración de África a Europa
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News provided by

Wetlands International

May 03, 2017, 03:15 ET

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BRUSELAS, May 3, 2017 /PRNewswire/ --

Wetlands International lanzó un informe orientado a hacer ver a los políticos la relación entre la salud de los humedales y la migración humana involuntaria en la región del Sahel de África, titulado 'Crisis de Agua: Humedales y Migración Humana en el Sahel' ('Water Shocks: Wetlands and Human Migration in the Sahel' por su título en inglés) La publicación examina cómo una mala gestión del agua conduce a la degradación de los ecosistemas y es una causa ignorada de migración humana, incluyendo a Europa.

A boy in a boat in what is left of Lake Chad. (c)Klavs Bo (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International)
A boy in a boat in what is left of Lake Chad. (c)Klavs Bo (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International)
Maximum flood in 14 years (2000-2014). (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International)
Maximum flood in 14 years (2000-2014). (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International)
A boy in a boat in what is left of Lake Chad. (c)Klavs Bo (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International) Maximum flood in 14 years (2000-2014). (PRNewsfoto/Wetlands International)

     (Photo: http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/494762/Wetlands_International_1.jpg )

     (Photo: http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/494763/Wetlands_International_2.jpg )

El desplazamiento de personas y el conflicto social son algo común en la región del Sahel en África. Por ejemplo, en torno al lago Chad, la insurgencia de Boko Haram ha desplazado a más de 2,3 millones de personas desde mediados de 2013, incluyendo a 1,3 millones de niños. La cuenca del lago Chad ha perdido un 95% de su área superficial debido a la abstracción de agua para proyectos de irrigación, y los jóvenes de la región se están uniendo a grupos armados por la falta de oportunidades.

"Las organizaciones humanitarias necesitan conectar su trabajo con ambientalistas y desarrolladores de infraestructura para encontrar soluciones duraderas. Necesitamos entender mejor los desencadenantes complejos y multifacéticos de la migración involuntaria, el conflicto social y la pobreza, que podrán estar enraizados en el agotamiento de los recursos naturales", concluyó Juriaan Lahr, director de la Asistencia Internacional de la Cruz Roja Holandesa. La Unión Europea tiene un paquete de financiación de 80 millones de euros a cinco años disponible para apoyar la gestión de riesgo de desastre en el África subsahariana. Para 2020 la Unión Europea y el continente africano pretenden aumentar la eficiencia energética y el uso de renovables construyendo 10.000 MW de plantas hidroeléctricas.

Según la ONU, hay 20 millones de personas en el Sahel aquejadas de inseguridad alimentaria, debido principalmente a la falta de agua. Si los planes de desarrollo para proyectos hidroeléctricos y de irrigación no posicionan a los ecosistemas en el corazón de las estrategias de desarrollo nacionales y regionales, Europa y otras naciones no alcanzarán sus objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.

"Impulsar el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible en el Sahel es una prioridad urgente y global. Pero esto sólo se alcanzará cambiando los paradigmas de desarrollo de infraestructura tradicionales que causan estragos en la hidrología natural de la región. Mantener y restaurar la base de recursos naturales es esencial para aumentar la accesibilidad al agua y a los alimentos, así como para ofrecer estrategias de subsistencia para combatir el cambio climático. En este contexto, los humedales como las llanuras aluviales de los ríos y los lagos son desproporcionadamente importantes, especialmente para las personas más pobres de la región", dijo Jane Madgwick, Directora Ejecutiva de Wetlands International.  

Informe: http://www.wetlands.org/watershocks.

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