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A Sociedade Internacional de Aterosclerose e a Iniciativa de Redução do Risco Residual publicaram uma Declaração de Consenso sobre o novo tratamento para o risco cardiovascular residual
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IAS; R3i

Sep 02, 2019, 12:51 ET

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MILÃO e BASILEIA, Suíça, 2 de setembro de 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Um novo modelador seletivo do receptor alfa ativado por proliferador de peroxissoma (SPPARM-alpha) agonista, pode ajudar a resolver a lacuna que existe na gestão do risco residual de ataques cardíacos em pacientes de alto risco, isto, de acordo com mais de 50 especialistas, de renome mundial, da Sociedade Internacional de Aterosclerose (IAS) e da Iniciativa de Redução do Risco Residual (R3i). Este risco cardiovascular residual persiste apesar dos tratamentos recomendados pelas diretrizes para hipertensão arterial, colesterol e glicose. Este desafio clínico, por superar, e prioridade da presente Declaração de Consenso Conjunta IAS-R3i, foi discutido em Paris (França), a 1 de setembro de 2019.

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Um ponto essencial entre os potenciais alvos para reduzir este risco cardiovascular residual é a dislipidemia aterogénica, definida como o aumento das lipoproteínas ricas em triglicéridos (TG) e os seus remanescentes com baixos níveis de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-C). A dislipidemia aterogénica é comum em pessoas com diabetes de tipo 2 e/ou com excesso de peso. De acordo com o Presidente da IAS, o Professor Raul Santos: "A dislipidemia aterogénica está associada a um risco cardiovascular residual. Porém, as opções de tratamento atuais são limitadas devido a questões de segurança e interações com outros medicamentos".

Para encontrar uma resposta, os especialistas adotaram uma abordagem de "medicina de precisão", na qual sintetizaram e analisaram mais de 1300 compostos antes de identificar um novo agente com atividade SPPARM-alfa, o pemafibrato. "Como o pemafibrato ativa e reprime um conjunto único de genes, tem maior potência e seletividade em comparação com os fibratos, os tradicionais agonistas de PPAR-alfa não seletivos", referiu o professor Jean-Charles Fruchart, Presidente da Fundação R3i.

Na fase 2 e 3 dos ensaios clínicos, o pemafibrato melhorou todos os marcadores da dislipidemia aterogénica, diminuindo os TG em até 50% e o colesterol residual, um fator causal de risco cardiovascular, até 80%. O pemafibrato também reduziu os marcadores inflamatórios, como a proteína C-reativa. É importante ressaltar que o pemafibrato não revelou efeitos adversos no fígado ou nos rins, e não aumentou a creatinina sérica. "Estes ensaios revelaram claramente que o pemafibrato apresenta uma relação risco versus benefício mais favorável do que os fibratos numa ampla gama de pacientes, incluindo aqueles com doença renal crónica", comentou o Professor Tatsuhiko Kodama, da Universidade de Tóquio (Japão), um investigador fundamental nestes ensaios.

O pemafibrato também atenuou o desenvolvimento de lesão aterosclerótica em estudos pré-clínicos. O Professor Shizuya Yamashita, Presidente da Sociedade Japonesa de Aterosclerose, afirmou: "Com base em todas as evidências, o pemafibrato pode oferecer uma nova abordagem para reduzir o risco cardiovascular residual em pacientes de alto risco com dislipidemia aterogénica, especialmente aqueles com diabetes de tipo 2".

Isto é exatamente o que o estudo PROMINENT (Pemafibrato para reduzir as doenças cardiovasculares, reduzindo os triglicéridos em pacientes diabéticos) procura responder. Este ensaio internacional está a testar se a redução das lipoproteínas ricas nos TG com pemafibrato reduz os episódios cardiovasculares em 10 000 pacientes de alto risco com diabetes de tipo 2, já tratados com estatina. Ao contrário dos ensaios anteriores com fibrato, o PROMINENT destina-se especificamente a indivíduos com diabetes de tipo 2 e dislipidemia aterogénica, que recebem terapia atual concomitante segundo os padrões de tratamento, incluindo um tratamento eficaz com estatina. "A comunidade científica aguarda ansiosamente pelos resultados do PROMINENT, que deverão chegar daqui a 4-5 anos, para determinar se a tradução do conceito SPPARM-alfa para a clínica pode melhorar os resultados cardiovasculares", referiu o Professor Peter Libby, da Harvard Medical School & Brigham e Women's Hospital (EUA).

ACERCA DA IAS

A Sociedade Internacional de Aterosclerose (IAS) é uma associação de sociedades científicas afiliadas de todo o mundo. A principal missão da IAS é promover a compreensão científica da etiologia, prevenção e tratamento da aterosclerose. A IAS coordena a partilha de informação científica entre as sociedades constituintes, promove a investigação sobre como a aterosclerose se desenvolve e ajuda a traduzir esse conhecimento para melhorar a eficácia dos programas destinados a prevenir e tratar a doença.

ACERCA DA R3i

A R3i (Iniciativa de Redução do Risco Residual) é uma organização mundial, académica, multidisciplinar e sem fins lucrativos. O seu principal objetivo é abordar com sucesso o risco excessivamente alto de complicações cardiovasculares e microvasculares em pacientes que já estão a receber os padrões de cuidados atuais para tratar os níveis anormais de lípidos. A R3i está a trabalhar neste sentido através de uma iniciativa global inovadora de investigação académica, ensino e promoção.

Fonte
IAS & R3i

Links Relacionados
https://www.athero.org/    
https://www.r3i.org/
https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-019-0864-7
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03071692 

Referências
Fruchart JC. et al. The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARMα) paradigm: conceptual framework and therapeutic potential. A consensus statement from the IAS and the R3i Foundation. Cardiovasc Diabetology (2019) 18:71.

Contacto
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FONTE IAS; R3i

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