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Congreso EAN: la COVID-19 provoca importantes problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento en los pacientes
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News provided by

European Academy of Neurology

Jun 20, 2021, 18:01 ET

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VIENA, 20 de junio de 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Los pacientes con COVID-19 sufren problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento dos meses después de recibir el alta hospitalaria, según un nuevo estudio presentado en el 7º Congreso de la European Academy of Neurology[1].

Se identificaron problemas de memoria, de conciencia espacial y de procesamiento de la información como posibles secuelas del virus en los pacientes postCOVID-19 a los que se les hizo un seguimiento de ocho semanas.

La investigación también descubrió que uno de cada cinco pacientes declaraba padecer un trastorno de estrés postraumático, y el 16% presentaba síntomas depresivos.

El estudio italiano incluyó pruebas de las capacidades neurocognitivas y la realización de escáneres cerebrales por resonancia magnética a los pacientes dos meses después de experimentar los síntomas de COVID-19. Más del 50% de los pacientes experimentaron alteraciones cognitivas; el 16% tuvo problemas con la función ejecutiva (que rige la memoria de trabajo, el pensamiento flexible y el procesamiento de la información), el 6% experimentó problemas visuoespaciales (dificultades para juzgar la profundidad y ver el contraste), el 6% tuvo problemas de memoria y el 25% manifestó una combinación de todos estos síntomas.

Los problemas cognitivos y psicopatológicos fueron mucho peores en las personas más jóvenes, y la mayoría de los pacientes menores de 50 años mostraron problemas con las funciones ejecutivas.

En toda la muestra, la mayor gravedad de los síntomas respiratorios agudos de la COVID-19 durante el ingreso hospitalario se asoció con un bajo rendimiento de las funciones ejecutivas.

Además, una observación longitudinal de la misma cohorte a los 10 meses de la COVID-19, mostró una reducción de las alteraciones cognitivas del 53 al 36%, pero una presencia persistente de PTSD y síntomas depresivos.

El autor principal del estudio, el profesor Massimo Filippi, del Instituto Científico y Universitario Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Italia), explicó: "Nuestro estudio ha confirmado que existen importantes problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento asociados a la COVID-19 que persisten varios meses después de la remisión de la enfermedad."

"Un hallazgo especialmente alarmante son los cambios en la función ejecutiva que encontramos, que pueden dificultar la concentración, la planificación, el pensamiento flexible y el recuerdo. Estos síntomas afectaban a tres de cada cuatro pacientes jóvenes en edad de trabajar."

En el estudio no se observó ninguna relación significativa entre el rendimiento cognitivo y el volumen cerebral.

"Se necesitan estudios más amplios y un seguimiento a más largo plazo, pero este estudio sugiere que la COVID-19 está asociada a problemas cognitivos y psicopatológicos importantes", concluyó el Dr. Canu, del Hospital San Raffaele de Milán y primer autor del estudio. "El seguimiento y los tratamientos adecuados son cruciales para garantizar que estos pacientes, previamente hospitalizados, reciban el apoyo adecuado para ayudar a aliviar estos síntomas."

1. Características cognitivas y conductuales de una cohorte de pacientes en fase post-aguda de COVID-19. Presentado en el 7º Congreso EAN de 2021.

Related Links

https://www.ean.org

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