Nanobiotechnologies- Applications, Markets and Companies
NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Nanobiotechnologies- applications, markets and companies
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Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare. The report starts with an introduction to various techniques and materials that are relevant to nanobiotechnology. It includes some of the physical forms of energy such as nanolasers. Some of the technologies are scaling down such as microfluidics to nanofluidic biochips and others are constructions from bottom up. Application in life sciences research, particularly at the cell level sets the stage for role of nanobiotechnology in healthcare in subsequent chapters.
Some of the earliest applications are in molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles, particularly quantum dots, are playing important roles. In vitro diagnostics, does not have any of the safety concerns associated with the fate of nanoparticles introduced into the human body. Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of DNA are feasible. Various nanodiagnostics that have been reviewed will improve the sensitivity and extend the present limits of molecular diagnostics.
An increasing use of nanobiotechnology by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. Nanotechnology will be applied at all stages of drug development - from formulations for optimal delivery to diagnostic applications in clinical trials. Many of the assays based on nanobiotechnology will enable high-throughput screening. Some of nanostructures such as fullerenes are themselves drug candidates as they allow precise grafting of active chemical groups in three-dimensional orientations. The most important pharmaceutical applications are in drug delivery. Apart from offering a solution to solubility problems, nanobiotechnology provides and intracellular delivery possibilities. Skin penetration is improved in transdermal drug delivery. A particularly effective application is as nonviral gene therapy vectors. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide controlled release devices with autonomous operation guided by the needs.
Nanomedicine is now within the realm of reality starting with nanodiagnostics and drug delivery facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Miniature devices such as nanorobots could carry out integrated diagnosis and therapy by refined and minimally invasive procedures, nanosurgery, as an alternative to crude surgery. Applications of nanobiotechnology are described according to various therapeutic systems. Nanotechnology will markedly improve the implants and tissue engineering approaches as well. Other applications such as for management of biological warfare injuries and poisoning are included. Contribution of nanobiotechnology to nutrition and public health such as supply of purified water are also included.
There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticles introduced in the human body and released into the environment. Research is underway to address these issues. As yet there are no FDA directives to regulate nanobiotechnology but as products are ready to enter market, these are expected to be in place.
Future nanobiotechnology markets are calculated on the basis of the background markets in the areas of application and the share of this market by new technologies and state of development at any given year in the future. This is based on a comprehensive and thorough review of the current status of nanobiotechnology, research work in progress and anticipated progress. There is definite indication of large growth of the market but it will be uneven and cannot be plotted as a steady growth curve. Marketing estimates are given according to areas of application, technologies and geographical distribution starting with 2011. The largest expansion is expected between the years 2016 and 2021.
Profiles of 248 companies, out of over 500 involved in this area, are included in the last chapter along with their 183 collaborations.The report is supplemented with 41 Tables, 21 figures and 860 references to the literature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Basics of Nanobiotechnology 21
Introduction 21
Classification of nanobiotechnologies 22
Top-down and bottom-up approaches 23
Landmarks in the evolution of nanobiotechnology 23
Relation of nanobiotechnology to healthcare 24
2. Technologies 27
Introduction 27
Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems 27
BioMEMS 27
Microarrays and nanoarrays 28
Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanoarrays 28
Protein nanoarrays 29
Microfluidics and nanofluidics 30
Nanotechnology on a chip 30
Microfluidic chips for nanoliter volumes 31
Nanogen's NanoChip 32
Use of nanotechnology in microfluidics 33
Construction of nanofluidic channels 33
Nanoscale flow visualization 34
Moving (levitation) of nanofluidic drops with physical forces 34
Electrochemical nanofluid injection 34
Nanofluidics on nanopatterned surfaces 35
Nano-interface in a microfluidic chip 35
Nanofluidic channels for study of DNA 35
Visualization and manipulation on nanoscale 36
4Pi microscope 36
Atomic force microscopy 36
Basic AFM operation 36
Advantages of AFM 36
Force sensing Integrated Readout and Active Tip 37
Cantilever technology 37
CytoViva® Microscope System 39
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer 39
Magnetic resonance force microscopy and nanoscale MRI 39
Multiple single-molecule fluorescence microscopy 40
Near-field scanning optical microscopy 40
Nano-sized light source for single cell endoscopy 40
Nanoparticle characterization by Halo? LM10 technology 41
Nanoscale scanning electron microscopy 42
Use of SEM to reconstruct 3D tissue nanostructure 42
Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens 42
Photoactivated localization microscopy 43
Scanning probe microscopy 43
Partial wave spectroscopy 44
Super-resolution microscopy for in vivo cell imaging 44
Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond 45
Visualizing atoms with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy 45
Companies that provide microscopes for nanobiotechnology 45
Surface plasmon resonance 46
Nanoparticles 47
Types of nanoparticles 47
Fluorescent nanoparticles 47
Gold nanoparticles 48
Lipoparticles 48
Paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles 49
Quantum dots 49
Silica nanoparticles 51
Assembly of nanoparticles into micelles 51
Biomedical applications of self-assembly of nanoparticles 51
Production techniques for nanoparticles 52
Nanostructures 53
Bacterial structures relevant to nanobiotechnology 53
Bacterial spores 53
Nanostructures based on bacterial cell surface layers 54
Bacterial magnetic particles 54
Cubosomes 54
Dendrimers 55
Properties 56
Applications 56
DNA-nanoparticle conjugates 57
DNA octahedron 57
Potential applications 57
Fullerenes 58
Nanoshells 58
Nanotubes 59
Carbon nanotubes 59
Carbon nanotubes and DNA 60
Applications of nanotubes 60
NanoBuds 61
Nanowires 61
Nanostamping 62
Nanoneedles 62
Nanopores 62
Nanoporous silica aerogel 63
Nanostructured silicon 64
Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage 64
Polymer nanofibers 64
Protein-nanoparticle combination 65
Nanomaterials for biolabeling 65
DNA Nanotags 67
Fluorescent lanthanide nanorods 67
Magnetic nanotags 67
Molecular computational identification 68
Nanophosphor labels 68
Organic nanoparticles as biolabels 69
Quantum dots as labels 69
SERS nanotags 70
Silica nanoparticles for labeling antibodies 70
Silver nanoparticle labels 70
Companies providing services and products for nanobiotechnology 71
3. Applications in Life Sciences 73
Introduction 73
Nanotechnology and biology 73
NanoSystems Biology 73
Nanobiology and the cell 74
Biosensing of cellular responses 75
Control of T cell signaling activity 75
Measuring mass of single cells 76
Nanostructures involved in endocytosis 76
Nanotechnology-based live-cell single molecule assays 76
Quantum dots for cell labeling 77
Quantum dots for study of apoptosis 77
Single cell injection by nanolasers 77
Study of complex biological systems 78
Molecular motors 78
Nanomotor made of nucleic acids 80
phi29 DNA packaging nanomotor 80
Light-activated ion channel molecular machines 81
Application of AFM for biomolecular imaging 81
Future insights into biomolecular processes by AFM 82
4Pi microscopy to study DNA double-strand breaks 82
Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry 83
Applications of biomolecular computing in life sciences 83
Molecular electronics 84
Microbial nanomaterials 84
Use of bacteria to construct nanomachines 84
Bacteriophage nanoshells 85
Natural nanocomposites 85
Nanotechnology in biological research 85
Nanoparticles for biological research 86
Disguising quantum dots as proteins for cell entry 86
Molecular biology and nanotechnology 87
Structural DNA nanotechnology 87
Reversibly binding of gold nanospheres to DNA strands 88
RNA nanotechnology 89
Genetically engineered proteins for nanobiotechnology 89
Single molecule studies 90
Optical trapping and single-molecule fluorescence 90
3D single-molecular imaging by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging 90
Studying the molecular mechanisms of enzymes 90
Nanochemistry 91
Nanoscale pH Meter 91
Nanolaser applications in life sciences 91
Nanoelectroporation 92
Nanomanipulation 93
Nanomanipulation by combination of AFM and other devices 93
Surgery on living cells using AFM with nanoneedles 94
Optoelectronic tweezers 94
Optical manipulation of nanoparticles 94
Manipulation of DNA sequence by use of nanoparticles as laser light antennas 95
Nanomanipulation of single molecule 95
Fluorescence-force spectroscopy 95
Nanomanipulation for study of mechanism of anticancer drugs 96
Nanotechnology in genomic research 96
Nanotechnology for separation of DNA fragments 96
Nanostructured devices for controlled gene expression 97
Nanotechnology-based DNA sequencing 97
Single-molecule detection of DNA hybridization 97
Role of nanobiotechnology in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms 98
Nanobiotechnology for study of mitochondria 98
Nanomaterials for the study of mitochondria 98
Study of mitochondria with nanolaser spectroscopy 99
Role of nanotechnology in proteomics research 99
Study of proteins by atomic force microscopy 99
Single cell nanoprobe for studying gene expression of individual cells 100
Nanoproteomics 100
Dynamic reassembly of peptides 100
High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry 100
Multi Photon Detection 101
Nanoflow liquid chromatography 101
Nanoproteomics for study of misfolded proteins 101
Nanotube electronic biosensor for proteomics 102
Nanometer photomasks from bacterial protein 102
Protein nanocrystallography 103
QD-protein bioconjugate nanoassembly 103
Proteomics at single molecule level 103
Study of protein synthesis and single-molecule processes 103
Protein expression in individual cells at the single molecule level 104
Single-molecule mass spectrometry using nanotechnology 105
Biochips for nanoscale proteomics 105
Protein biochips based on fluorescence planar wave guide technology 105
Nanofilter array chip 106
Role of nanotechnology in study of membrane proteins 106
Nanoparticles for study of membrane proteins 106
Study of single protein interaction with cell membrane 107
Quantum dots to label cell surface proteins 107
Study of single membrane proteins at subnanometer resolution 107
Nanoparticle-protein interactions 108
Protein engineering on nanoscale 108
Nanowires for protein engineering 108
A nanoscale mechanism for protein engineering 108
Role of nanoparticles in self-assembly of proteins 109
Role of nanotechnology in peptide engineering 109
Manipulating redox systems for nanotechnology. 109
Self-assembling peptide scaffold technology for 3-D cell culture 110
Nanobiotechnology and ion channels 110
AFM for characterization of ion channels 111
Aquaporin water channels 111
Remote control of ion channels through magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles 111
Role of nanobiotechnology in engineering ion channels 111
Application of nanobiotechnology in molecular electronics 112
Nanotechnology and bioinformatics 113
3D nano-map of synapse 114
Companies providing nanotechnology for life sciences research 114
4. Nanomolecular Diagnostics 117
Introduction 117
Nanodiagnostics 117
Rationale of nanotechnology for molecular diagnostics 118
Nanoarrays for molecular diagnostics 119
NanoPro™ System 119
Nanofluidic/nanoarray devices to detect a single molecule of DNA 119
Self-assembling protein nanoarrays 120
Fullerene photodetectors for chemiluminescence detection on microfluidic chip 120
Protein microarray for detection of molecules with nanoparticles 120
Protein nanobiochip 121
AFM for molecular diagnostics 121
Nanofountain AFM probe 121
AFM for immobilization of biomolecules in high-density microarrays 121
AFM for nanodissection of chromosomes 122
Nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics 122
Gold nanoparticles 122
Quantum dots for molecular diagnostics 123
Quantum dots for detection of pathogenic microorganisms 124
Bioconjugated QDs for multiplexed profiling of biomarkers 124
Imaging of living tissue with QDs 124
Use of nanocrystals in immunohistochemistry 125
Magnetic nanoparticles 125
Magnetic nanoparticles for bioscreening 125
Monitoring of implanted NSCs labeled with nanoparticles 125
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to track therapeutic cells in vivo 126
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cell tracking 126
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for calcium sensing 127
Magnetic nanoparticles for labeling molecules 127
Super conducting quantum interference device 127
Study of living cells by superparamagnetic nanoparticles 128
Imaging applications of nanoparticles 128
Dendritic nanoprobes for imaging of angiogenesis 128
Gadolinium-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles for tumor-specific MRI 129
Gadonanotubes for MRI 129
Gold nanorods and nanoparticles as imaging agents 129
In vivo imaging using nanoparticles 130
Manganese oxide nanoparticles as contrast agent for brain MRI 130
Nanoparticles vs microparticles for cellular imaging 130
Nanoparticles as contrast agent for MRI 131
Optical molecular imaging using targeted magnetic nanoprobes 131
QDs for biological imaging 132
Superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles combined with MRI 132
Concluding remarks and future prospects of nanoparticles for imaging 133
Applications of nanopore technology for molecular diagnostics 133
Nanopore technology for detection of single DNA molecules 133
Nanocytometry 134
Simultaneous detection of DNA and proteins 134
DNA-protein and -nanoparticle conjugates 135
Resonance Light Scattering technology 135
DNA nanomachines for molecular diagnostics 136
Nanobarcodes technology 136
Nanobarcode particle technology for SNP genotyping 137
Qdot nanobarcode for multiplexed gene expression profiling 137
Biobarcode assay for proteins 137
Single-molecule barcoding system for DNA analysis 139
Nanoparticle-based colorimetric DNA detection method 139
SNP genotyping with gold nanoparticle probes 140
Nanoparticle-based Up-converting Phosphor Technology 140
Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman Spectroscopy 140
Near-infrared (NIR)-emissive polymersomes 141
Nanobiotechnology for detection of proteins 142
Captamers with proximity extension assay for proteins 142
Nanobiosensors 142
Cantilevers as biosensors for molecular diagnostics 142
Advantages of cantilever technology for molecular recognition 143
Antibody-coated nanocantilevers for detection of microorganisms 144
Cantilevers for direct detection of active genes 144
Portable nanocantilever system for diagnosis 145
Carbon nanotube biosensors 145
Carbon nanotube sensors coated with ssDNA and electronic readout 145
Carbon nanotubes sensors wrapped with DNA and optical detection 146
FRET-based DNA nanosensor 146
Ion Channel Switch biosensor technology 147
Electronic nanobiosensors 147
Electrochemical nanobiosensor 148
Metallic nanobiosensors 148
Quartz nanobalance biosensor 148
Viral nanosensor 149
PEBBLE nanosensors 149
Detection of cocaine molecules by nanoparticle-labeled aptasensors 149
Nanosensors for glucose monitoring 149
Microneedle-mounted biosensor 150
Optical biosensors 150
Laser nanosensors 150
Nanoshell biosensors 151
Plasmonics and SERS nanoprobes 151
Novel optical mRNA biosensor 152
Optonanogen biosensor 152
Surface plasmon resonance technology 153
Surface Enhanced Micro-optical Fluidic Systems 154
Nanoparticle-enhanced sensitivity of fluorescence-based biosensors 154
Nanowire biosensors 154
Nanowire biosensors for detection of single viruses 155
Nanowires for detection of genetic disorders 155
Nanowires biosensor for detecting biowarfare agents 156
Concluding remarks and future prospects of nanowire biosensors 156
Nanoscale erasable biodetectors 156
Future issues in the development of nanobiosensors 157
Applications of nanodiagnostics 158
Nanotechnology for detection of biomarkers 158
Nanotechnology for genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms 159
Nanoparticles for detecting SNPs 159
Nanopores for detecting SNPs 159
Nanobiotechnologies for single molecule detection 160
Protease-activated quantum dot probes 160
Labeling of MSCs with QDs 161
Nanotechnology for detection of cancer 161
Dendrimers for sensing cancer cell apoptosis 161
Detection of circulating cancer cells 162
Differentiation between normal and cancer cells by nanosensors 162
Gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis 162
Gold nanorods for detection of metastatic tumor cells 163
Implanted magnetic sensing for cancer 164
Nanoatomic tubes for detection of cancer proteins 164
Nanobiochip sensor technique for analysis of oral cancer biomarkers 165
Nanodots for tracking apoptosis in cancer 165
Nanolaser spectroscopy for detection of cancer in single cells 165
Nanoparticles designed for dual-mode imaging of cancer 166
Nanotechnology-based single molecule assays for cancer 166
QDs for detection of tumors 167
QD-based test for DNA methylation 167
Nanotechnology for point-of-care diagnostics 167
Nanotechnology-based biochips for POC diagnosis 168
Nanoprobes for POC diagnosis 168
Carbon nanotube transistors for genetic screening 168
POC monitoring of vital signs with nanobiosensors 169
Detection of viruses 169
Cantilever beams for detection of single virus particles 169
Carbon nanotubes as biosensors for viruses 170
Electric fields for accelerating detection of viruses 170
QD fluorescent probes for detection of respiratory viral infections 170
Verigene SP Respiratory Virus Assay 171
Surface enhanced Raman scattering for detection of viruses 172
Detection of bacteria 172
QDs for detection of bacterial infections 173
SEnsing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade for detection of bacteria 173
Detection of fungi 173
Nanodiagnostics for the battle field and biodefense 174
An integrated nanobiosensor 174
Nanodiagnostics for integrating diagnostics with therapeutics 175
Companies involved in nanomolecular diagnostics 175
Concluding remarks about nanodiagnostics 178
Future prospects of nanodiagnostics 178
5. Nanobiotechnology in Drug Discovery & Development 181
Introduction 181
Nanobiotechnology for drug discovery 181
Nanofluidic devices for drug discovery 182
Gold nanoparticles for drug discovery 183
Tracking drug molecules in cells 183
SPR with colloidal gold particles 183
Use of quantum dots for drug discovery 183
Advantages of the use of QDs for drug discovery 183
Drawbacks of the use of QDs for drug discovery 184
Quantum dots for imaging drug receptors in the brain 185
Lipoparticles for drug discovery 185
Biosensor for drug discovery with Lipoparticles 185
Magnetic nanoparticles assays 186
Micelles for drug discovery 186
Nanolasers for drug discovery 186
Analysis of small molecule-protein interactions by nanowire biosensors 187
Cells targeting by nanoparticles with attached small molecules 187
Role of AFM for study of biomolecular interactions for drug discovery 187
Nanoscale devices for drug discovery 188
Nanotechnology enables drug design at cellular level 189
Nanobiotechnology-based drug development 189
Dendrimers as drugs 189
Fullerenes as drug candidates 190
Nanobodies 191
Role of nanobiotechnology in the future of drug discovery 192
Companies using nanobiotechnology for drug discovery 192
6. Nanobiotechnology in Drug Delivery 195
Introduction 195
Ideal properties of material for drug delivery 195
Improved absorption of drugs in nanoparticulate form 195
Interaction of nanoparticles with human blood 196
Micronization versus nanonization for drug delivery 196
Nanoscale devices delivery of therapeutics 196
Nanobiotechnology solutions to the problems of drug delivery 196
Nanosuspension formulations 197
Nanotechnology for solubilization of water-insoluble drugs 197
Self-assembled nanostructures with hydrogels for drug delivery 198
Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies used for drug delivery 198
Viruses as nanomaterials for drug delivery 199
Bacteria-mediated delivery of nanoparticles and drugs into cells 199
Cell-penetrating peptides 200
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery 201
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles 201
Cationic nanoparticles 201
Ceramic nanoparticles 202
Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery 202
Dendrimers for drug delivery 202
DNA-assembled dendrimers for drug delivery 203
Fulleres for drug delivery 204
Amphiphilic fullerene derivatives 204
Fullerene conjugate for intracellular delivery of peptides 204
Gold nanoparticles as drug carriers 204
Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles 204
Nanocomposite membranes for magnetically triggered drug delivery 205
Nanocrystals 205
Nanocrystalline silver 205
Elan's NanoCrystal technology 206
Eurand's Biorise system 206
Nanodiamonds 207
Polymer nanoparticles 208
Biodegradable PEG nanoparticles for penetrating the mucus barrier 208
PLGA-based nanodelivery technologies 208
Polymeric micelles 209
Chitosan nanoparticles 209
QDs for drug delivery 210
Special procedures in nanoparticle-based drug delivery 211
Coated nanoparticles for penetrating cell membranes without damage 211
Combinatorial synthesis of nanoparticles for intracellular delivery 211
Drug delivery using "Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates" 211
Encapsulating water-insoluble drugs in nanoparticles 211
Filomicelles vs spherical nanoparticles for drug delivery 212
Flash NanoPrecipitation 212
Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery 213
Nanoparticles bound together in spherical shapes 214
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for imaging and targeted drug-delivery 214
Prolonging circulation of nanoparticles by attachment to RBCs 215
Self-assembling nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery 215
Trojan nanoparticles 215
Therapeutic protein delivery from nanoparticle-protein complexes 216
Triggered release of drugs from nanoparticles 216
Liposomes 217
Basics of liposomes 217
Stabilization of phospholipid liposomes using nanoparticles 217
Lipid nanoparticles 217
Applications of lipid nanoparticles 218
Polymerized Liposomal Nanoparticle 218
Solid lipid nanoparticles 219
Lipid nanocapsules 219
Lipid emulsions with nanoparticles 219
Nanostructured organogels 220
Limitations of liposomes for drug delivery 220
Liposomes incorporating fullerenes 221
Arsonoliposomes 221
Liposome-nanoparticle hybrids 221
Nanogels 222
Nanogel-liposome combination 222
Nanospheres 222
Nanosphere protein cages 223
Nanovesicle technology for delivery of peptides 223
Nanotubes 223
Carbon nanotubes for drug delivery 224
Lipid-protein nanotubes for drug delivery 224
Halloysite nanotubes for drug delivery 225
Nanocochleates 226
Nanobiotechnology and drug delivery devices 226
Coating of implants by ultrafine layers of polymers 227
Nano-encapsulation 227
Polymer nanocontainers 228
Nanotechnology-based device for insulin delivery 228
Mirocontainer delivery systems for cell therapy 228
Nanoporous materials for drug delivery devices 229
Nanopore membrane in implantable titanium drug delivery device 229
Measuring the permeability of nanomembranes 229
Nanovalves for drug delivery 230
Nanochips for drug delivery 230
Nanobiotechnology for vaccine delivery 231
Bacterial spores for delivery of vaccines 231
Nanoparticles for DNA vaccines 231
Nanoparticle-based adjuvants for vaccines 231
Nanospheres for controlled release of viral antigens 232
Proteosomes™ as vaccine delivery vehicles 232
Targeted Synthetic Vaccine Particle (tSVP™) technology 232
Nanobiotechnology for gene therapy 233
Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy 233
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nonviral vectors 234
Carbonate apatite nanoparticles for gene delivery 234
Gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery 235
Immunolipoplex for delivery of p53 gene 235
Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids 236
Nanoparticles for imaging and intracellular delivery of nucleic acids 236
Nanoparticles linked to viral vectors for photothermal therapy 236
Nanoparticles for p53 gene therapy of cancer 237
Nanoparticles with virus-like function as gene therapy vectors 237
Nanobiolistics for nucleic acid delivery 237
Silica nanoparticles for gene delivery 238
Targeted nanoparticle-DNA delivery to the cardiovascular system 238
Dendrimers for gene transfer 239
DNA-PEG complexes as nanoparticles 239
Compacted DNA nanoparticles 240
Cochleate-mediated DNA delivery 240
Nanorod gene therapy 241
Nanodel? gene vector 241
Nanomagnets for targeted cell-based cancer gene therapy 242
NanoNeedles for delivery of genetic material into cells 242
Nanomachines for gene delivery 242
Application of pulsed magnetic field and superparamagnetic nanoparticles 242
Nanocomposites for gene therapy 243
Nonionic polymeric micelles for oral gene delivery 243
Nanocarriers for simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs and DNA 243
Nanobiotechnology for antisense drug delivery 244
Antisense nanoparticles 244
Dendrimers for antisense drug delivery 244
Polymer nanoparticles for antisense delivery system 245
Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery 245
Chitosan-coated nanoparticles for siRNA delivery 246
Delivery of gold nanorod-siRNA nanoplex to dopaminergic neurons 246
Polymer-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery 246
Polyethylenimine nanoparticles for siRNA delivery 246
siRNA-PEG nanoparticle-based delivery 247
Polycation-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery 247
Calando's technology for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA 248
Delivery of siRNA by nanosize liposomes 248
Quantum dots to monitor RNAi delivery 248
Nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery in cancer 249
Nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery in cancer 250
Anticancer drug particles incorporated in liposomes 250
Cerasomes 251
Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles 252
Exosomes 253
Folate-linked nanoparticles 253
Iron oxide nanoparticles 253
Lipid based nanocarriers 254
Micelles for drug delivery in cancer 254
Minicells for targeted delivery of nanoscale anticancer therapeutics 256
Nanoconjugates for subcutaneous delivery of anticancer drugs 256
Nanomaterials for delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drugs 256
Nanoparticle formulation for enhancing anticancer efficacy of cisplatin 257
Nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel 257
Nanoparticles containing albumin and antisense oligonucleotides 258
Non-aggregating nanoparticles 258
Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation 259
Peptide-linked nanoparticle delivery 259
Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate nanoparticles 259
Polypeptide-doxorubicin conjugated nanoparticles 260
Protosphere nanoparticle technology 260
Zinc oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer 261
Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics 261
Canine parvovirus as a nanocontainer for targeted drug delivery 262
Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer 262
Carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells 262
Cyclosert system for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics 263
DNA aptamer-micelle for targeted drug delivery in cancer 263
DNA aptamer-micelle for targeted drug delivery in cancer 264
Fullerenes for enhancing tumor targeting by antibodies 264
Gold nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer 264
Lipoprotein nanoparticles targeted to cancer-associated receptors 266
Magnetic nanoparticles for remote-controlled drug delivery to tumors 266
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles 267
Nanobees for targeted delivery of cytolytic peptide melittin 267
Nanovehicles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel 267
Nanocell for targeted drug delivery to tumor 268
Nanodiamonds for local delivery of chemotherapy at site of cancer 269
Nanoimmunoliposome-based system for targeted delivery of siRNA 269
Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of MAPK signaling pathway 270
Nanoparticles for targeted antisense therapy of cancer 270
Nanoparticles for delivery of suicide DNA to prostate tumors 270
Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of concurrent chemoradiation 271
Nanoparticle-based therapy targeted to cancer metastases 271
Nanostructured hyaluronic acid for targeted drug delivery in cancer 271
Polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer 272
Polymersomes for targeted cancer drug delivery 272
Quantum dots and quantum rods for targeted drug delivery in cancer 273
Remote controlled drug delivery from magnetic nanocrystals 273
Targeted delivery of nanoparticulate drugs into lymphatic system 274
Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates 274
Dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery 275
Application of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy 276
Application of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy 276
Dendrimer-based synthetic vector for targeted cancer gene therapy 277
Poly-L-lysine dendrimer as antiangiogenetic agent 277
Devices for nanotechnology-based cancer therapy 278
Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11 278
Nanocomposite devices 278
Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy 278
Nanoparticles combined with physical agents for tumor ablation 279
Boron neutron capture therapy using nanoparticles 279
Laser-induced cancer destruction using nanoparticles 279
Thermal ablation using nanoparticles 281
Thermosensitive affibody-conjugated liposo
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