Reportlinker Adds Solar Thermal Power Report Ed 3 2010

NEW YORK, Sept. 14 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Solar Thermal Power Report Ed 3 2010

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0293267/Solar-Thermal-Power-Report-Ed-3-2010.html

The solar thermal market has been hit hard by the economic downturn and the subsequent decline in demand from the construction sector. Several companies have filed for bankruptcy, including the market pioneer, Rayosol. For yet another year, Chinese manufacturers' experienced steady growth and sales of Chinese manufactured vacuum coolers are starting to overtake sales of flat plate collectors.

The reduced government support for solar thermal in Australia is expected to result in reduced sales in 2010. Other governments are expected to reduce subsidies as part of austerity measures.

Despite this, 2009 was the year for CSP, with the MENA region making significant plans to invest in the space and the UAE now building a 100 MW plant. Overall plants are getting bigger and utilities are starting to take an interest, as prices are dropping. Once the domain of parabolic trough technology, solar towers are starting to make inroads into the sector, with the US investing heavily into R&D on towers. Towers have a lower water footprint than trough systems, making it ideal for water-stressed regions, and a significantly higher efficiency and storage capacity than the other three CSP technologies. eSolar, a tower manufacturer, announced major supply contracts in China and India.

As well as solar towers, solar thermal storage is a major area of CSP research, with more and more planned projects in the US having storage capacity. Molten salt is likely to remain the dominant.

Outline of the Report:

The main technologies

The different components of the technologies

The development of solar thermal technology

The world market for direct use solar thermal appliances

Major direct use solar thermal country profiles

Solar thermal power generation technology

The current status of CSP solar thermal electricity generation, with profiles of the major markets

Costs and future cost development of STP solar thermal power

List of Contents

1 Executive Summary . 13

1.1 Technology, Costs and Benefits .. 16

1.2 Global solar thermal market ... 16

2 Development of Solar Thermal Technology .. 18

2.1 Conditions of use . 20

2.2 Solar thermal energy and the environment ... 21

2.3 Research .. 21

3 Solar Thermal Direct Use – Low and Medium Temperature Collectors sales 2009 . 22

3.1 Passive Solar Heating .. 23

3.2 Geographical distribution of solar thermal installations 23

3.3 China 27

3.3.1 Products 29

3.3.2 Production . 30

3.3.3 Applications ... 33

3.4 Japan ... 34

3.5 India . 35

3.5.1 Domestic applications ... 37

3.5.2 Solar thermal power plants ... 38

3.5.3 Solar pond desalination systems in industrial environment . 39

3.5.4 Solar pond desalination systems for drinking water supply . 39

3.6 Israel 40

3.7 Turkey .. 41

3.8 USA .. 41

3.9 Brazil 47

3.10 Mexico . 47

3.11 Germany .. 47

3.12 Austria . 47

3.13 Greece . 47 Page 4 of 186

3.14 Italy .. 48

3.15 France .. 48

3.16 Spain 48

3.17 Tunisia . 48

3.18 Australia .. 49

4 Solar Thermal Cooling . 51

4.1 Solar cooling technologies .. 51

4.2 Photovoltaic Cooling ... 51

4.3 Solar Thermal Cooling . 52

4.4 Absorption cooling .. 52

4.5 Open Cycles – Desiccant Cooling Systems .. 53

4.6 Market development .. 53

5 Solar Thermal Power Generation Technology .. 56

5.1 Concentrators and Receivers .. 57

5.1.1 Parabolic Trough ... 57

5.1.2 Mechanical Tracking .. 59

5.1.3 Fresnel Principle Solar Collectors .. 60

5.1.4 Parabolic Dish Systems .. 61

5.1.5 Central Receiver Systems - Solar Tower 62

5.1.6 Solar Chimney Power Plants . 64

5.1.7 Rooftop installations . 66

5.1.8 Solar thermal hydrogen production .. 70

5.2 Power Conversion System ... 70

5.2.1 Rankine-Cycle Systems .. 71

5.2.2 ISCC, Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Systems .. 72

6 TES Thermal Energy Storage 74

6.1 Types of storage .. 75

6.2 Sensible heat storage .. 76

6.3 Concrete .. 76

6.4 Molten salt .. 76 Page 5 of 186

6.5 Latent heat storage/phase change materials . 78

6.6 Inorganic PCMs 80

6.7 Organic PCMs .. 80

6.8 Development of TES for CSP ... 81

6.8.1 Two tank direct system . 81

6.8.2 Indirect system .. 82

6.8.3 Single-tank Thermocline 82

6.8.4 Direct molten-salt heat transfer fluid ... 83

7 CSP Solar Thermal Power Generation – Past, Present and Future . 84

7.1 Large Scale Solar Thermal Electricity Generation ... 84

7.2 A Brief History of the Development of Solar Thermal Generation Technology . 85

7.3 Current Status of Solar Thermal Electricity Generation - 2009 .. 87

7.4 Spain 88

7.4.1 Plants in operation, being built and proposed in Spain, Q2 2010 89

7.5 United States ... 94

7.5.1 Plants in operation, being built and proposed in the US in 2009 . 95

7.5.2 Federal and regional initiatives ... 106

7.5.3 State initiatives 109

7.6 Solar thermal projects in other countries . 109

7.6.1 Algeria .. 109

7.6.2 Australia .. 110

7.6.3 Brazil 114

7.6.4 Chile . 114

7.6.5 China 115

7.6.6 Cyprus .. 115

7.6.7 Denmark .. 115

7.6.8 Egypt 116

7.6.9 El Salvador ... 117

7.6.10 France .. 117

7.6.11 Germany .. 117 Page 6 of 186

7.6.12 Greece . 117

7.6.13 India . 118

7.6.14 Iran .. 125

7.6.15 Israel 125

7.6.16 Italy .. 126

7.6.17 Jordan .. 127

7.6.18 Libya 127

7.6.19 Mexico . 128

7.6.20 Morocco .. 128

7.6.21 Namibia ... 129

7.6.22 Oman ... 129

7.6.23 Qatar 129

7.6.24 Saudi Arabia 129

7.6.25 South Africa . 130

7.6.26 Sudan ... 131

7.6.27 Tunisia . 131

7.6.28 United Arab Emirates .. 132

7.6.29 Market development .. 132

8 Manufacturers of CSP technologies ... 135

9 Costs of STP Solar Thermal Power .. 140

9.1 Commercialisation World Bank . 146

9.1.1 World Bank Plan Phase 1 146

9.1.2 World Bank Plan Phase 2 146

9.1.3 World Bank Plan Phase 3 147

9.1.4 Sargent and Lundy Study . 147

10 National Policies for Renewable Energy . 150

10.1 Renewable energy targets 150

10.2 Feed-in tariffs and RPS .. 152

10.3 EU and feed-in tariffs 170

10.4 US and RPS 170 Page 7 of 186

10.5 The feed-in tariff in Europe ... 170

10.6 The evolution of RPS Policy in the United States .. 173

10.7 Comparison of feed-in tariffs and RPS .. 176

10.8 Europe – the EU Renewable Energy Directive .. 177

10.9 Investor confidence, price, and policy cost ... 177

10.10 Effectiveness . 177

10.11 Innovation and technology diversity . 178

10.12 Ownership structure . 178

10.13 Conclusion . 178

10.14 Feed-in tariffs in the United States ... 179

11 Trans European - North African Grid Networks .. 180

11.1 Mediterranean solar plan . 182

11.2 Desertec 182 Page 8 of 186

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Global insolation levels 21

Figure 3.1 Solar collector sales and installed base, 2000 to 2008 MW 24

Figure 3.2 Leading countries' sales of solar thermal collectors, 2000 to 2008, MW ... 25

Figure 3.3 Leading countries' installed base of solar thermal collectors, 2000 to 2008, MW. . 26

Figure 3.4 Cumulative installed capacity of solar thermal collectors in major European countries, thousand square metres 2004-2009 .. 27

Figure 3.5 Projections of new installed solar water heater capacity in China, 2007 – 2020 . 28

Figure 3.6 Market shares of solar thermal product types in China, 2000 30

Figure 3.7 SWH systems on the roofs of Chinese buildings . 34

Figure 3.8 Solar water heating potential under a 'realistic' scenario in India, cumulative million m2 .. 38

Figure 3.9 Advertisement for the Climax Solar-Water Heater in 1891 42

Figure 3.10 Climax Solar Water Heater in the US, 1896 . 43

Figure 3.11 Early solar thermal roof panels ... 44

Figure 3.12 Warranty period for manufacturers of solar collectors, years ... 46

Figure 5.1 Parabolic trough .. 57

Figure 5.2 Side view of a EuroTrough ET150 collector unit (150m length) .. 59

Figure 5.3 Operating principles and daily tracking of a parabolic trough collector . 60

Figure 5.4 Parabolic dish reflector 62

Figure 5.5 Central receiver system ... 63

Figure 5.6 CESA-1 Central tower test facility at Plataforma de Almeira, Spain ... 65

Figure 5.7 Sopology MicroCSP collector designed for rooftops ... 66

Figure 5.8 Heat2power MicroCSP collector . 67

Figure 5.9 Milestones for technology improvements .. 70

Figure 5.10 Rankine-Cycle STPP .. 71

Figure 5.11. Integrated Solar/Combined Cycle System ... 73 Page 9 of 186

Figure 6.1. Capacity factors for different energies 74

Figure 6.2 Schematic for CSP plant with molten salt storage . 77

Figure 7.1 Regions developing solar thermal projects 85

Figure 7.2. Developers of CSP projects in Spain, > 1 MW capacity ... 93

Figure 7.3. Projections installed CSP capacity, Spain, 2010 – 2020 .. 94

Figure 7.4. Breakdown of installed capacity and project pipeline in US states, MW, Q2 2010 ... 102

Figure 7.6. Map of installed PV and CSP capacity in the USA at the end of 2009, MW .. 102

Figure 7.7. Installed capacity and pipeline of developers of CSP plants in the US, MW 103

Figure 7.8. Vision of possible HVDC lines linking the Southwest to the rest of the US .. 104

Figure 7.9. Breakdown of installed and announced capacity by technology, US, Q2 2010 ... 105

Figure 7.10 Projections of growth in solar thermal electricity generation, MW, 2005 - 2020 ... 132

Figure 7.11 Cumulative CSP global market development scenarios ... 133

Figure 7.12 Electricity from CSP plants as shares of total electricity consumption, %, 2020 – 2050 ... 134

Figure 9.1 Estimated investment costs, Euro/kW 141

Figure 9.2 Investment cost of a 50 MW trough plant with 7-hour storage ... 142

Figure 9.3 Estimated operation and maintenance costs, Euro/kW/annum 143

Figure 9.4 Levelised cost of electricity, Euro cent/kWh .. 144

Figure 9.5 LEC Levelised Energy Cost, solar trough and tower technology, 2004-2020 148

Figure 9.6 Electricity costs as a % of 2005 figures for CSP reference plants compared to fossil fuels (including carbon costs 149

Figure 10.1 National renewable energy policies in EU countries . 172

Figure 10.2 Map of US States with Renewable and Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards, May 2010 . 174

Figure 10.3 Map of US State RPS policies with solar or distributed generation provision, May 2010 ... 175

Figure 11.1 Global HVDC Transmission Projects .. 181

Figure 11.2 Overview of the Mediterranean HVDC links . 181 Page 10 of 186

Figure 11.3 Planned development of the Desertec Initiative .. 183

Figure 11.4 Desertec plan . 184

Figure 11.5 Desertec Australia . 186 Page 11 of 186

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Cumulated capacity of installed thermal solar collectors, MWth, 2004 - 2009 . 23

Table 3.2 The top ten solar thermal manufacturers ... 31

Table 3.3 Central financial assistance / subsidies provided for solar thermal off-grid thermal applications in India, Q2 2010 ... 36

Table 3.4 California Solar Initiative natural gas and electric geyser displacing incentive scheme . 45

Table 4.1 The main absorption chiller manufacturers ... 54

Table 4.2 Typical costs for solar thermal chillers, Europe ... 55

Table 5.1 Comparison of Solar Thermal Power Technologies 68

Table 5.2 Focus and Receiver types for Solar Thermal Power Technologies .. 68

Table 5.3 Comparison of the main CSP technologies . 69

Table 6.1 Sensible storage materials, solid and liquid, temperature, average heat capacity and media cost .. 78

Table 6.2 Selected low temperature inorganic salt hydrate PCMs , with melting points and average heat capacity 79

Table 6.3 Selected low temperature inorganic salt hydrate PCMs , with melting points ... 80

Table 6.4 Selected low temperature organic PCMs , with melting points .. 81

Table 7.1 Early solar thermal power plants 86

Table 7.2 CSP plants in operation in June 2010 in Spain, >1 MW capacity 89

Table 7.3 Installed CSP capacity with solar thermal storage in Spain 90

Table 7.4 Capital costs for different CSP projects in Spain, >1 MW capacity 90

Table 7.5 CSP plants under construction in June 2010 in Spain, >1 MW capacity . 91

Table 7.6 CSP plants announced as of June 2010 in Spain, >1 MW capacity . 92

Table 7.7 CSP plants in operation Q2 2010 in the US, > 1 MW capacity 95

Table 7.8 Fast-track CSP plants in the US as of April 2010, > 1 MW capacity . 96

Table 7.9 CSP plants planned in Q2 2010 in the US, > 1 MW capacity ... 97

Table 7.10. Some planned US projects with solar thermal storage . 100 Page 12 of 186

Table 7.11 CSP projects funded by the DOE ... 107

Table 7.12 Three new thermal heating facilities that have been commissioned ... 116

Table 7.13 Likely development of CSP projects under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission . 119

Table 7.14 CSP Projects in development with Suryachakra Power 121

Table 7.15 Feed-in tariff for solar thermal in Gujarat, Rs/kWh .. 122

Table 7.16 Financing available from IRENA for solar thermal projects and associated projects 122

Table 8.1 Manufacturers of CSP technologies .. 135

Table 9.1 Cost of parabolic trough STPP in recent feasibility studies ... 144

Table 9.2 Estimated cost of central receiver STPP in $/kW .. 145

Table 9.3 Estimated current US cost and performance of conventional power plants 145

Table 9.4 Required investment in STP by Phase ... 146

Table 10.1 Renewables targets and support schemes of European countries ... 153

Table 10.2 Non-European countries with renewable energy targets and plans 162

Table 10.3 US State solar or distributed generation provision, May 2010 ... 176

Table 11.1 Costs of CSP projects in Spain and the Sahara .. 180

Table 11.2 The Mediterranean Solar Plan ... 182

Table 11.3 Members of the consortium .. 185

To order this report:

Solar Photovoltaic Industry: Solar Thermal Power Report Ed 3 2010

Solar Photovoltaic Business News

More Market Research Report

Check our Company Profile, SWOT and Revenue Analysis!

SOURCE Reportlinker