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Estructura de un receptor clave en la diabetes descubierta gracias a la colaboración internacional
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News provided by

ShanghaiTech University

May 17, 2017, 13:00 ET

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Un consorcio liderado por Shanghái consigue elaborar un mapa 3D de alta resolución del GLP-1R

SHANGHÁI, 17 de mayo de 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Un equipo internacional dirigido por el iHuman Institute de la Universidad ShanghaiTech ha descubierto la estructura molecular del receptor péptido glucagón 1R (GLP-1R). Los resultados se han publicado en un artículo titulado "La estructura del dominio transmembrana del receptor humano GLP-1 ligado a moduladores alostéricos", en la edición del 17 de mayo de 2017 de la revista Nature. El estudio se ha publicado en Nature junto a otro estudio complementario dirigido por otros colegas del Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) en el que detallan el receptor glucagón entero.  

Structures of human GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, important drug targets for diabetes and obesity.
Structures of human GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, important drug targets for diabetes and obesity.

El GLP-1R es bien conocido como diana terapéutica para la diabetes tipo 2 como lo ilustra varios agentes peptídicos terapéuticos disponibles en el mercado que juntos suman varios billones de dólares en ventas al año. Se calcula que el coste a nivel mundial de tratar la diabetes y sus complicaciones es más de $200 billones al año. Los casos de diabetes siguen aumentando a un ritmo alarmante, especialmente en China.

Se determinó que la estructura del GLP-1R va unida a los moduladores alostéricos negativos (NAMs). Los NAMs bloquean la activación del GLP-1R insertándose en la cavidad entre las hélices VI y VII, mientras que los moduladores alostéricos positivos (PAMs) se enlazan principalmente al espacio entre las hélices V y VI, lo cual posibilita la activación. "El descubrimiento de esta estructura es uno de los grandes objetivos en la búsqueda de fármacos GPCR (receptores acoplados a proteínas G)," afirmó el profesor Raymond Stevens del iHuman Institute de la Universidad ShanghaiTech, y codirector del estudio.

La industria farmacéutica lleva décadas buscando enérgicamente una terapia por vía oral para sustituir a los peptídicos. "Los GPCRs que enlazan con péptidos presentan especial dificultad para la creación de fármacos de pequeñas moléculas ya que tienen múltiples puntos de conexión," resaltó el profesor asociado Gaojie Song del iHuman Institute.

"Esta monumental empresa comenzó en el 2002 cuando buscábamos agonistas de GLP-1R de pequeña molécula," dijo el profesor Ming-Wei Wang del SIMM y la Universidad de Fudan y codirector del estudio.  "Nuestro fracaso en la creación de un agonista de GLP-1R Boc5 activo oralmente nos llevó a la conclusión que la biología estructural de alta resolución es preferible al uso de fármacos en una diana terapéuitica."

En el estudio han colaborado la Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, la Universidad del Sur de California y Novo Nordisk. El apoyo económico para la investigación procede del Gobierno Municipal de Shanghái, la Universidad ShanghaiTech, el National "1000 Talents Program for Foreign Experts" (el Programa 1000 Talentos para los Expertos Extranjeros), el Shanghái "Pujiang Talents", el Consorcio GPCR y la Academia China de Ciencias.

Enlaces de Interés:
http://ihuman.shanghaitech.edu.cn/ 
http://english.simm.cas.cn/

Foto - http://mma.prnewswire.com/media/512246/ShanghaiTech_University.jpg

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